Victimization due to an Abusive Relationship - 2876 Words

Victimization that occurs within an abusive relationship involves repeated violence that reinforces behaviors, a stimuli if you will, leading to a learned state of helplessness by the victim. â€Å"Victimologist defines victimization,† Karmen states, â€Å"as an asymmetrical interpersonal relationship that is abusive, painful, destructive, parasitical and unfair.† (Karmen, 2007, p. 2) More specifically, this state of mind is conditioned within the psychology of the victim in direct response to the abuse and behavior of the abuser. Hence the phenomenon occurred because the victim learned that it was helpless and therefore made no effort to escape from its plight. Thus learned behavior is the behavior that develops after repeated violence with no perceived control over the outcome. (McLeod, 2007) Several studies have developed theories into the psychology of domestic violence relationship involving the abuser and victim. The Psychopathology theories suggest that the abuser suffers from mental problems and usually always suffers from some form of substance abuse. (Migiro, 2010) The victim is seen as mentally disturbed for tolerating the behavior and labeled masochistic. In other words, the victim enjoys being beaten and initiates situations to bring about the behavior. This theory supports victim blaming. Despite the fact that victim blaming is the view held by the abuser; society also has a tendency victim blame. Victim blaming is both a philosophical and a theologicalShow MoreRelatedIntimate Partner Violence ( Tda )1654 Words   |  7 Pagesthey have the right to due such thing but also feel like they have control over their spouse and have a mindset that they own them and will do anything just to keep them. Often the perpetrators feel guilty for being violent towards their loved ones that they come to a point of being apologetic and doing anything in their power to keep them. 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Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence are one of the most torturous and abusive crimes that goes unreported due to fear. Intimate partner abuse is generally part of a pattern of abusive behavior and control rather than an isolated act of physical aggression. Partner abuse can take a variety of forms, including physical assault such as different forms of hitting, kicking, and beatings;Read MoreAn Analysis of Bastard Out of Carolina by Dorothy Allison1217 Words   |  5 Pagessituations and is in no way self-satisfied with herself. She doesn t appreciate who she is physically. She constantly thinks she is the most homely and dull person who causes the most inconvenience in the family. This sense of selflessness is mainly due to the physical and sexual abuse brought upon by Daddy Glen, Bone s stepfather. Unfortunately, the assaults were stretched out over a long period of time, leaving little chance for Bone to recover as a n adult if any at all. I decided to take a moreRead MoreThe Victimization Of Heterosexual Males : A Literature Review On Domestic Violence3581 Words   |  15 Pages The Victimization of Heterosexual Males: A Literature Review on Domestic Violence Christopher L. Friendly University of South Carolina Introduction Domestic violence has become a topic of increasing interest by many public health professionals. The primary focus of these researchers, as observed through extensive research, tackles domestic violence towards women, with little attention given to the male population. In 2000, the Department of Justice published a report, basedRead MoreEssay on Bastard Out of Carolina1209 Words   |  5 Pagessituations and is in no way self-satisfied with herself. She doesn’t appreciate who she is physically. She constantly thinks she is the most homely and dull person who causes the most inconvenience in the family. This sense of selflessness is mainly due to the physical and sexual abuse brought upon by Daddy Glen, Bone’s stepfather. Unfortunately, the assaults were stretched out over a long period of time, leaving little chance for Bone to recover as an adult if any at all. I decided to take a moreRead MoreThe Effects Of Dating Violence On Children Of Perpetrators And Victims Al ike Essay1811 Words   |  8 Pagesthought of in mature adult relationships, but it is also alarmingly common among youth. Youth experience many forms of dating violence. Dating violence includes a large range of abusive behaviors, such as physical, emotional, and sexual assault. These abusive behaviors occur between two people who have entered a romantic or sexual relationship together, and consider themselves to be a couple. Dating violence and victimization may occur in any romantic or sexual relationship, but the population of heterosexualRead MoreMovie Review : Sleeping With The Enemy 880 Words   |  4 Pagesfeels. Sleeping with the Enemy proves to be a movie that has grabbed the attention of its viewers. Viewers weren’t struck by a touching and heart-warming story of romance but one of a young woman trapped in the grasp of a desperate and hopeless relationship, and her drive to finds a way out, in an attempt to reclaim the life she once had. Having nothing to lose and potentially everything to gain after losing; her self esteem,beliefs in love and, ultimately her life. Laura the main character has beenRead MoreThe Fight For Power And Dominance865 Words   |  4 PagesThe fight for power and dominance in a relationship affects the treatment of women in intimate relationships. Women are five to eight times more likely to be victimized by an intimate partner, according to the Department of Justice in 2007 among 96% of intimate relationship violence victims 85% were female. (Lee Shaw, 2012) The meaning of gender has given a set of values to men that normalizes their inferiority and women’s subordination. The gender roles that are given to women paved way to theRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects971 Words   |  4 Pagesat least three women are killed a day by their significant other due to domestic violence, in most cases, a male is the perpetrator (Catalano). If that does not tell you anything, then I will. Domestic violence can be physical, sexual, emotional or financial and many cases may never be reported. All forms of abuse cause extreme stress to the victim that can lead to lifetime difficulties. According to Sexual Violence Victimization, â€Å"Almost one-third of women experience physical violence by an intimate

How Cyberbullying Is Affecting Teens - 1200 Words

How Cyberbullying Is Affecting Teens Lisa Chouinard University of Central Florida Abstract Cyberbullying is a growing problem among the teen population. The abuse that is taking place online has a much more far reaching effect than physical bullying, since it is available to a much larger audience. It has the ability to cause serious psychological effects on teens that could lead to depression and possible suicide. The reason for this, is because a teen’s self-esteem and self-worth relies so heavily on the approval and acceptance of their friends and peers. The best way to work towards eliminating this problem is to petition the state government to enact a bill making cyberbullying against the law. In this digital†¦show more content†¦The verbal abuse teens must withstand is extremely devastating in their lives. When teens are called names or have things made up about them, it causes them to feel badly about themselves, and what others might think of them. They are vulnerable at this age while they are still developing their identities of wh o they will become in the future. Name calling online is worse than physical bullying, because it is the whole school and the community that sees these things being said, which causes the teen to be effected by all who know them, and not just classmates. Once a teen has been made the victim of a bully, it is very difficult to continue functioning in school, social and sports activities without always feeling stared at and talked about by others. At such a tender age in a persons’ life, this can sometimes cause irreversible harm to a teen which is what causes them to feel that suicide is the only way out for them. Verbal and psychological abuse online has very serious effects on teens that frequently base their self- esteem and self -worth on the opinions of others, especially their peers. Teens that are victims of having their accounts hacked can be severely damaging. They have had their status changed to being gay or straight, a virgin to a slut, and making them a raci st. It is an invasion of privacy to have inappropriate photos put on their sites, sometimes these are nude photos, and allowing

Games for Young Learners Free Essays

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Many researches stated that learning a language is better started from early age because in this stage the children will be easier to acquire the language, sooner they start learning, more proficient they will be in using the language. Therefore, presently, English is introduced starting from kindergarten and becomes one lesson subject that must be taken in elementary school based on government’s rule in Indonesia. In this level, the children are usually called by young learners. We will write a custom essay sample on Games for Young Learners or any similar topic only for you Order Now Young learners are those who just start the formal school until they are in eleven or twelve years old. Teaching English for young learner is not easy task as it is seen because children are interested in fun activity rather than listening to the teacher who talk in front of the class explaining something that they do not understand. What usually happened in the classroom is that teacher gives so much speech in front of the class and explains many theories and concepts of the language that the children do not understand about. Because of this reason, the children will start to get bored and play with their friends and make chaos. Then, the teacher will surrender of facing chaos in the classroom and get angry until then scold to the children that will make them feel afraid to study. It is not purely children mistake, but it is happened because teacher does not know how to manage the class and keep the children’s attention. The teacher should remember that young learners are different from an adult. They are not interested in studying since they do not have motivation from learning yet. They are interested in game, story, tale, song, and other fun activities. In this case, the teacher should be able to manage the class as fun as possible and find an enjoyable ways to teaching the language naturally. It can be done by designing an activity that takes their attention. Playing such kind of games could be a best way to get the children’s attention. Games are closed to children world and through these children can learn the language naturally since these activities will make them involve into the learning process. It means that they learn directly through listening, watching making interaction, and also moving around. Children learn from an authentic material. This paper will show how games can be an effective tool for learning activity. Through this paper, the writer expects that teacher can understand how game can bring many benefits if it is implemented in language learning classroom. CHAPTER II CONTENT 1. Games for Teaching Young Learners Children like playing games since it allow them to have fun and move around the class. They could involve in the games naturally since it is their world. Children could learn through playing and in playing they could interact and develop the language skills through communication. Games also make a wonderful atmosphere in the classroom. Some researchers said that games could improve children’s learning and can be an effective tool for teaching the language. Besides that, games could be highly motivating since games give competition and also challenge for them. Further, in playing the games they could use the language in real context that would make them have strong memory since games make children use the language instead of thinking about the forms and concepts of the language. Wells (1981) stated that â€Å"in working on first language acquisition, found clear evidence that a child who has a lot of opportunities for negotiating meaning – for making sure that he/she has properly understood what is being said develops language skills more rapidly than a child who does not. Games  can create these opportunities in the foreign language classroom by setting out situations where children urgently need and want to communicate in order to have a turn at playing, to point out the rules, to challenge another player and so on†. Games could cover many language skills. Through games, children can use the language directly, they also listen to the other in other to finish the games. Besides that, language aspects, such as grammar, vocabulary and etc, could be involved in the games. It is based on the teacher’s imagination, creativity, and sensitivity to make the games become useful tool for learning. 2. The Advantages of Games for Teaching Young Learners There are some advantages of using  games as classroom activity, they are: a. Games  could decrease anxiety of learning a new language and it will make the language transfer going smoothly. The children would not feel that they are under pressure. They learn the language in a good and relax atmosphere. In a good, relaxed atmosphere which is created, children would remember things faster, easier and better. b. Games are highly motivating and entertaining. In order words, games bring more fun into the classroom and could give motivation to students since games contain a challenge. c. Games give them new experience of using foreign language that would not available during regular language learning classroom. . Games involve all learners to participate. It means that silent students are also invited to participate and give their contribution in playing the game sp all students have the same opportunity to practice and use the language. e. Furthermore, games give different atmosphere to the classroom activities, break the ice and also can be used to introduce new ideas. According to (Vernon, www. teachingenglishgames. com), there are some reasons of using games for language learning, they are: The first reason why games are so useful is that games make learning fun, children have willingness to participate and are not just present in class because they have to be. Students pay more attention because when they enjoy themselves, they do better, feel better about themselves, and do even better – it is a learning cycle working in their favor. (Vernon, www. teachingenglishgames. com) †¢ Next reason is playing a game has a purpose and an outcome. In order to play, students have to say things. Therefore, they have a reason to communicate and this makes them want to know and learn more. In addition to this, games stimulate and motivate children to a new level. They know that if they do not pay attention, they will not be able to play the game well and they will let their team down so they make more effort to join in and learn as much as possible. (Vernon, www. teachingenglishgames. com) †¢ The proverb ‘repetition is the mother of skill’ becomes very meaningful during the games in children’s language class as students get to use the language all the time with a lot of repetition. Although repetition is boring in some cases, during games it is fun for children. Also because of the fun involved in the game a massive amount of vocabulary and grammar can be revised in a short time because it is very difficult for learners to remember vocabulary if they never use it. Furthermore, the physical movement involved in some of the games also helps keep children stimulated and alert. Children naturally have a lot of energy and are not good at attending formal lessons for long periods, and so if they participate in a game involving physical movements from time to time, they will never get impatient and bored. Most importantly, the philosophy of encouragement incorporated into these games increases confidence in all students. Usually this does not just mean they get better at only English, but in all subjects in school. This in turn makes the teachers more motivated and optimistic, and they can really make a difference in their lessons. (Vernon, www. teachingenglishgames. com) †¢ Apart from all this, language games like any other games involve learners in a healthy competition that can help them learn more. â€Å"As long as no one is forced to participate, competition can be positive and encourage player discovery, examination and learning. (Vernon, www. teachingenglishgames. com) †¢ Thus, creating the right type of language games can foster this healthy, beneficial competition in the classroom. Finally language games create a bond between the teacher and their students, which is fulfilling for the teacher and students alike. In short, if used properly by the teacher, games are excellent ways whereby children have fun and at the same time acquire a language. (Vernon, www. teachingenglishgames. com) 3. How to Use Games for Teaching In using games for language learning, there are something that should be considered by the teacher they are: . Make sure that the  games  that are going to be used have educational purpose. There is no point in playing a game just for the sake of playing a game. Teacher needs to ensure that all  games  have some sort of teaching  element to it and already modify based on the syllabus’ purpose. For example, the popular game, ‘Simon Says’ can help listening skills, the students need to listen for the word ‘Simon’ and the action of the word. Word bingo games also can help the students recognize any new words. b. Considering the level of the students. Teacher needs to  use  games  that are not only good for learning  English  but also games that challenging the students in some way. A game that is too easy for the students will have little educational value and the students will become very bored. c. Choosing games based on the age of students. Chose a game that is appropriate for the age of the students when  teaching. Games  that adults find fun will not usually be fun for children and vice versa. d. Don’t let the children choose the game! If you ask the students to play a game that they know. Children tend choose a game with no educational value. You can always add educational value to your  games  by insisting the loser answers a question, spells a word, etc. Ensure that your game is teaching  at the same time as having fun e. Teacher should have an effort to vary the games. Students of all ages and ability will get bored if you keep doing the same thing over and over again, this also applies when playing games  for  teaching  English to young learners. Many games can be downloaded free from many sources in the internet. In implementing games in the classroom, teacher should be able to give the children clear instruction about how to play the games. It is better to give them direct example rather than give long explanation that might make them feel confused. And also, although games are fun, using games for long period also can make the children feel bored since they repeat the same activity for long period. The teacher should be creative in managing the class so everything could go smoothly. CHAPTER III CLOSURE After all, we can conclude that games as a teaching activity is not just a warm up and icebreaker activity but it can be the main activity in the learning process. Besides that, using games in the classroom activity can make an affective learning atmosphere because it gives many advantages for the language learning, such as: creating a good atmosphere, learning process will be fun and cheerful because the class will be live up, etc. Games also will decrease the chaos that may be faced by the teacher. Besides that, Games create contextual learning for the students. Games that are made for learning activity is not simple as it seem since it need some consideration for making it appropriates to be used as the main activity in the classroom. REFERENCES Ara, Shaheen. (2009). Use of Songs, Rhymes and Games in Teaching English to Young Learners in Bangladesh. Journal of Linguistics 2,3: 161-172 How to teach English using games. (n. d. ). Retrived December 11, 2011, from   http://factoidz. com/how-to-teach-english-using-games/ Yolageldili, Gulin Arikan, Arda. (2011). Effectiveness of Using Games in Teaching Grammar to Young Learners. Elementary Education Online 10,1: 219-229 Vernon, S. A. Benefits of using games in the classroom. Retrieved on December 20, 2009, from www. teachingenglishgames. com How to cite Games for Young Learners, Essay examples

Juvenile Psychopaths Essay Example For Students

Juvenile Psychopaths Essay What is the super predator? He or she are young hypercriminals who are committing acts of violence of unprecedentedcoldness and brutality. This newest phenomena in the world of crime is perhaps the most dangerous challenge facing society and law enforcement ever. While psychopaths are not new, this breed of super criminal exceeds the scope of psychopathic behavior. They are younger, more brutal, and completely unafraid of the law. While current research on the super predator is scarce, I will attempt to give an indication as to the reasons a child could become just such a monster. Violent teenage criminals are increasingly vicious. John DiIulio, Professor of Politics and Public Affairs at Princeton University, says that The difference between the juvenile criminals of the 1950s and those of the 1970s and early 1980s was the difference between the Sharks and the Jets of West Side Story and the Bloods and the Crips. It is not inconceivable that the demographic surge of the next ten years will bring with it young criminals who make the Bloods and the Crips look tame. (10) They are what Professor DiIulio and others call urban super predators; young people, often from broken homes or so-called dysfunctional families, who commit murder, rape, robbery, kidnapping, and other violent acts. These emotionally damagedyoung people, often are the products of sexual or physical abuse. They live in an aimless and violent present; have no sense of the past and no hope for the future; they commit unspeakably brutal crimes against other people, often to gratify whatever urges or desires drive them at the moment and their utter lack of remorse is shocking. (9) Studies reveal that the major cause of violent crime is not poverty but family breakdown specifically, the absence of a father in the household. Today, right now, one-fourth of all the children in the United States are living in fatherless homes this adds up to 19 million children without fathers. Compared to children in two parent family homes, these children will be twice as likely to drop out of school, twice as likely to have children out of wedlock, and they stand more than three times the chance of ending up in poverty, and almost ten times more likely to commit violent crime and ending up in jail. (1) The Heritage Foundation a Conservative think tank reported that the rise in violent crime over the past 30 years runs directlyparallel to the rise in fatherless families. In every state in our country, according to the Heritage foundation, the rate for juvenilecrime is closely linked to the percentage of children raised in single-parent families. And while it has long been thought that poverty is the primary cause of crime, the facts simply do not support this view. Teenage criminal behavior has its roots in habitual deprivation of parental love and affection going back to early infancy, according to the Heritage Foundation. A fathers attention to his son has enormous positive effects on a boys emotional and social development. But a boy abandoned by his father in deprived of a deep sense of personal security, In a well-functioning family, he continued, the very presence of the father embodies authority and this paternal authority is critical to the prevention of psychopathology and delinquency. (2) On top of the problem of single parent homes, is the problem of the children whose behavioral problems are linked to their mothers crack use during pregnancy. These children are reaching their teenage years and this is a potentially very aggressive population, according to Sheldon Greenberg, director of Johns Hopkins Universitys Police Executive Leadership Program. Whats more, drug use has more than doubled among 12- to 17-year-olds since 1991. The overwhelming common factor that can be isolated in determining whether young people will be criminal in their behavior is moral poverty, Greenberg says. (3) According to the recently published Body Count: Moral Poverty . . . and How to Win America s War Against Crime and Drugs, a new generation of super-predators, untouched by any moral inclinations, will hit Americas streets in the next decade. John DiIulio, the Brookings Institute fellow who co-wrote the book with William Bennett and John Walters, calls it a multi variate phenomenon, meaning that child abuse, the high number of available high-tech guns, alcoholism and many other factors feed the problem. University of Pennsylvania professor Mavin Wolfgang says, 6 percent to 7 percent of the boys in an age group will be chronic offenders, meaning they are arrested five or more times before the age of 18. If that holds true, because there will be 500,000 more boys ages 14 to 17 in the year 2000 than there were in 1995, there will be at least 30,000 more youth criminals on the streets. Between 1990 and 2010, there will be 4.5 million more boys, yielding 270,000 young criminals. The big destruction happens early, Heritage Foundation fellow Pat Fagan says. By the age of 4 or 5, the kid is really warped. Psychologists can predict by the age of 6 wholl be the super-predators. According to Fagan: Child abuse and alcohol ruin these children. But the groundwork was laid three decades ago with the widespread adoption of birth control, which made the sexual revolution possible. It altered peoples dedication to their children and altered a fundamental orientation of society. Sexual morality got unanchored in the 1960s, followed by the legalization of abortion. Abortion is a very definite rejection of the child. So is out-of- wedlock births, as well as divorce, he says. The everyone s afraid of were abused kids. Theres sexual abuse and alcohol, and just the general decline in the cultural knowledge of what love is. In 1950, for every 100 children born, he says, 12 had divorced parents or were born out of wedlock. In 1992, that number had quadrupled to 60 children for every 100 born. Throw abortion into the mix, and the number shoots up to 92 per 100. (4) John Dilulio asserts that each generation of crime-prone boys has been about three times as dangerous as the one before it. And, he argues, the downhill slide into utter moral bankruptcy is about to speed up because each generation of youth criminals is growing up in more extreme conditions of moral poverty than the one before it. Mr. Dilulio defines moral poverty as growing up surrounded by deviant, delinquent, and criminal adults in abusive, violence-ridden, fatherless, Godless, and jobless settings. The super-predator, as told to a Washington press gathering by DiIulio, is a breed of criminal so dangerous that even the older inmates working their way through life sentences complain that their youthful counterparts are out of control. He describes these teen criminals as radically present-oriented. Because their time horizon may be as short as the next guards shift, they have no capacity to defer gratification for the sake of the future. When these super- predators were asked by DiIulio or other inmates if they would commit their crimes again, most answer, Why not? DiIulio also says, they are radically self-regarding incapable of feeling joy or pain at the joy or pain of others. (7) According to Dilulio, todays juvenile super-predators are driven by two profound developmental defects. They are radicallypresent-oriented, perceiving no relationship between action and reactionreward or punishmentand they are radically self-regarding. Nothing is sacred to them. They live only for what brings them pleasure and a sense of power, placing zero value on the lives of their victims. Ultimately, concludes Mr. Dilulio, only a return to religion will restore to youth the sense of personal responsibility that leads to moral behavior. He cites a growing body of scientific evidence from a variety of academic disciplines that indicates that churches ameliorate or cure many severe socioeconomic ills. Let argue church-state issues. Elderly Nutrition Essay In the vacuum, drug dealers and gansta rappers serve as role models. I was a bad-ass street gladiator, one convicted murderer said, but these kids are stone-cold predators. (10) Even more shocking than the sheer volume of violent juvenile crime is the brutality of the crime committed for trivial motives: apair of sneakers, a jacket, a real or imagined insult, a momentary cheap thrill. For example: * A 59-year-old man out on a morning stroll in Lake Tahoe was fatally shot four times by teenagers looking for someone to scare. The police say the four teenagers just 15 and 16 years old were thrill shooting. * A 12-year-old and two other youths were charged with kidnapping a 57-year-old man and taking a joy ride in his Toyota. As the man pleaded for his life, the juveniles shot him to death. * A 14-year-old boy was murdered while trying to reclaim a $2,500 stereo system he had received from his grandfather. Five juveniles, ranging in age from 15 through 17 years, were charged with the crime. (10)Profiles In every community, roughly 2 percent of the juvenile offender population is responsible for up to 60 percent of the violent juvenile crime. Only 25 to 35 juveniles in every 100,000 members of the population will engage in criminal activity that matches the Serious Habitual Offender pattern. Based on criteria developed by the Reagan team at the Department of Justice, this means that 0. 03 percent to 0.04 percent of all juveniles between 14 and 17 years old will be SHOs. A profile of a Serious Habitual Offender was collected from data collected and analyzed by the Reagan Administration team at the U.S. Department of Justice in the 1980s presents a graphic portrait of the serious habitual offender: The typical SHO is male, 15 years and six months old. He has been arrested 11 to 14 times, exclusive of status offenses, and five times for felonies. He comes from a dysfunctional family; and in 46 percent of cases, at least one of his parents also has an arrest history. He has received long-term and continuing social services from as many as six different community service agencies, including family, youth, mental health, social services, school, juvenile, or police authorities, and continues to drain these resources for years before he is finally incarcerated as a career criminal. The typical SHOs family history follows a classic pattern of social pathologies: 53 percent of his siblings also have a history of arrest; and in 59 percent of these cases, there is no father figure in the home. The absence of a father is particularly destructive for boys; only 2 percent of SHOs are female. Furthermore, 68 percent of these offenders have committed crimes of violence, 15 percent have a history of committing sex crimes, and 51 percent have a reported missing or runaway record. If a broken family characterized by physical or sexual abuse is an early indicator of criminal behavior, then virtually all of these serious habitual offenders fit this category. These findings are consistent with the Heritage Foundations widely reported analysis of the true root causes of violent crime, particularly the crimogenic conditions associated with broken or dysfunctional families. (10) * SHOs do not consider the crimes they have committed to be all that bad.* Forty-five percent are gang members, 64 percent associate with other serious habitual offenders, and 75 percent abuse drugs. Recent studies show that illegal drug use among the young is on the rise and a significant majority of all present day SHOs-Super Predators- use or sell illegal drugs and often become addicted themselves. Illegal drug use and alcohol abuse tend to be regular features of their criminal conduct. Drugs, in particular, are part of the criminal scene of these juvenile offenders, and the use and sale of drugs contributes significantly to a SHOs other criminal activity. The need to purchase illegal drugs, combined with the warped hedonism of the addict, shapes and drives much of the criminal activity of this class of criminals. Conclusion: Juvenile crime and violence is on the rise. Many criminologists are calling it an epidemic, a ticking time bomb, the calm before the storm and a long descent into night, you choose the cliche. The reasons for this rise in teen crime seems to have its roots not so much in poverty as it does to poverty of values. Experts like John DiIulio and James Q.Wilson believe that the cure lies in a renaissance of personal responsibility, and a reassertion of responsibility over rights and community over egoism. There is definitely a need for more study on the new breed of teen criminal -the Super Predator- But we dont need yet another library full of jargon-riddled criminology studies to tell us what the Roman sages knew: what society does to children, children will do to society. While most in the education as well as the psychological fields blanch Whenever the terms values, church, responsibility, andfamily, are bandied about. But the inescapable reality is that since the sixties, when these terms were castigated and relegated to being quaint, we have witnessed an incredibly fast and pernicious rise in the types of pathologies that have accompanied the decline of the family structure. While I am by no means a religious zealot, it seems to me that government has been a poor substitute for the family and the church in teaching basic core values. Government certainly has a role to play financially, but the strictures and the applications of any type of largess need to come from Community leaders or clergy members who have a real stake in the community. While it is tragic that there seem to be a large number of lost youths mired in a life of crime and violence, the safety of thecommunity, especially the children in the community, should be the primary concern. While I agree with John DiIulio, that we need more churches, I also feel that if more jails need to be built to house young thugs, build them. If children as young as 7, 8, or 9 yrs of age need to be incarcerated like adults, do it. While this may seem harsh, I believe that it is the only way to prevent further decay. With harsher enforcement of laws towards violent minors enforced, attention can be paid to addressing the ills that create the problem; family decay. More attention needs to be paid to the people who actually live in the communities affected. We must deal with this problem ofthe super predator teen thug swiftly and harshly, before its too late to save the children in danger of falling in with or becoming victims of crime themselvesBibliography. Bibliography1- Ethnic NewsWatch ? SoftLine Information, Inc., Stamford, CT2- F.R. Duplantier, The Importance Of Fathers 08-16-1995, HERITAGE FOUNDATION HOME PAGE3-Worsham, James-Blakely, Stephen-al, et, Crime and drugs. ., Vol. 85, Nations Business, 02-01-1997, pp 24.4-Julia Duin, Alarm over crime puts focus on nations `moral crisis. , The Washington Times, 11-17-1996, pp 31.5-Parker, Shafer, Violence with a youthful face.., Vol. 23, Alberta Report /Western Report, 06-17-1996, pp 27.6- Richard Zoglin Reported By Sam Allis/Boston And Ratu Kamlani/NEW YORK,CRIME: NOW FOR THE BAD NEWS: A TEENAGE TIME BOMB., TIME, 01-15-1996, pp 52+.7-NINA J. EASTON, The Crime Doctor Is In; But Not Everyone Likes Prof. JohnDiIulios Message: There Is No Big Fix; Home Edition., Los Angeles Times, 05-02-1995, pp E-1.8-Paul Kaihla, NO CONSCIENCE, NO REMORSE. MACLEANs 1/22/969- William J. Bennett, John J. DiIulio, Jr., and John P. Walters BODY

Exploring The Fish By Elizabeth Bishop English Literature Essay Essay Example

Exploring The Fish By Elizabeth Bishop English Literature Essay Paper In the verse form The Fish by Elizabeth Bishop, the writer uses much imagination, symbols, and similes to exemplify the narrative of catching the fish. The narrative verse form is one of a authoritative fisherman narrative ; nevertheless Bishop unambiguously twists the narrative with her usage of imagination. The imagination makes this narrative unrecorded with the reader s imaginativeness. The inside informations of the fish entreaty to the reader s vision and feelings. There are symbols in this verse form that are revealed through the similes which sometimes have different effects each clip their used. Elizabeth Bishop uses many literary devices to let the reader to develop an apprehension and grasp of the fish that is similar to her ain. We will write a custom essay sample on Exploring The Fish By Elizabeth Bishop English Literature Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Exploring The Fish By Elizabeth Bishop English Literature Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Exploring The Fish By Elizabeth Bishop English Literature Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Elizabeth uses the maulerss in the jaw of the fish to spur the reader s involvement of the fish. Like most of Bishop s verse forms, the events in the verse form reveal background information. These maulerss help the reader sympathize with the fish and sympathize with the storyteller. The reader learns that the fish has been through a batch in its life because the, green line, frayed at the terminal where he broke it, two heavier lines, and a all right black yarn still crimped from the strain and catch when it broke and he got off. This tells the reader that the fish is immune and a tough one to catch. It besides shows that the fish has been around for rather some clip because it had cirripeds on it, and the lines, in its oral cavity, were old. Curiously, when caught this clip, He did nt battle. He had nt fought at all. He hung a grunting weight, battered and venerable and homely. ( 5-10 ) The fish and the reader every bit good as the poet seem to hold acquired a common regard for each other. The maulers every bit good as the beat-up and vulnerable province show that the fish has aged over clip or has merely gotten tired from his conflict with fishermen. The boat of the storyteller is described as, little rented boataˆÂ ¦ rusted engineaˆÂ ¦ bailer rusted orangeaˆÂ ¦ sun-cracked thwarts. ( 66-70 ) This description shows that it is rather possible that the storyteller is aged every bit good. The reader can deduce that the storyteller has been angling, possibly for this fish, for some clip, and now that he is caught, the honest thing to make is to allow the fish spell. ( 76 ) There are similes and metaphors that like these inside informations lead the reader into experiencing the same as the storyteller does. Like decorations with their threads, Bishop likens the maulerss in line 60. This simile is used to assist the reader get the storyteller s thought. More so, the reader is told the feeling that the storyteller feels when he sees the maulers in the fish s oral cavity ; triumph filled up. ( 65 ) The changeless staring of the storyteller invoked deep idea of the fish making these metaphors. In lines 30-40, the storyteller looks into the fishes eyes and likens them to a large paeony and lenses of old scratched mica. The metaphors enhance the verse form by conveying a clearer image to the readers that can place with the comparings. For illustration, the significance of the mica is outlined in Allport s papers: Bishop s involvement in optics, the scientific discipline of ocular perceptual experience, was acute. In Cardinal West she had worked in a mill doing binocular lenses, and knew the elaboratenesss of light refraction and contemplation. The Fish, with the lenses / of old scratched mica ( 39-40 ) , every bit good as the stoping rainbows, contains legion mentions to this cognition, every bit good as a cognition of the fish s anatomy ( mica is really the clear, gelatinlike stuff that comprises the fish s swim-bladder ) . The ability of see farther and in more item than with the normal human oculus, which is the power of the field glassess, besides is the power of Bishop s verse form, which enlarges at the same clip as it focuses on the ocular visual aspect of the fish. This extract identifies the writer s purpose of utilizing mica in the verse form. The readers that have experience in the scientific field are to boot referred to see the fish as the storyteller does. The verse form besides has a symbol which is identified through the repeat and initial rhyme of the word rainbow. In line 75, the word rainbow is repeated three times merely before the storyteller Lashkar-e-Taiba s the fish spell. This symbol could be one of spiritual definition when God gave Noah a mark of peace, the rainbow. Possibly, the poet and the fish are now at peace with each other as they go their separate ways. Another significance may be that the fish has a particular ability to flim-flam fishermen by making rainbows perchance through light diffusion of his graduated tables, so he knew that this fisherman would merely allow him travel in awe of his impressiveness. This may be why he did non contend the storyteller. All these poetic devices help the reader get to cognize the fish every bit good as the storyteller knows the fish. The Fish is a narrative verse form by Elizabeth Bishop that exercises poetic elements exemplifying the gimmick of a tremendous fish. Bishop takes advantage of imagination, sensory inside informations, symbols, and similes to heighten the verse form. All of these poetic devices make the verse form existent to the reader by making a image in the reader s head of the narrative that is similar to the poet s apprehension of the verse form.

Commercial Drivers License Guide California, Oregon, and Washington

Commercial Drivers License Guide California, Oregon, and Washington If you live in California, Oregon, or Washington, learn the guideline for getting your Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) below. If you want to learn on how to obtain one at other states, we have also put together a guide on how to get a CDL at all states. CaliforniaTo apply for a commercial permitVisit a DMV office.Complete a California Commercial Driver License Application form DL 44C.Complete a 10 Year History Record Check form (DL 939) if you have been issued a driver license in the same or different name to operate any type of motor vehicle in another state or other jurisdiction within the previous 10 years.Give a thumbprint and have your picture taken.Provide verification of your Social Security Number and verify your birth date and legal presence (you may use your California driver license).Pay the application fee for a 5-year license.Pass a vision exam.Submit a completed Medical Examination Report form DL 51. The  DMV will only accept a Medical Examination Report form DL 51 with a revision date of 1/2014 or later.Pass the traffic laws and sign tests for the class of vehicle you will drive. You have three chances to pass the test.Note:  The DMV will not be administer written or audio exams after 4:30 p.m.Once you are  issued a permit, you may  only drive with someone  who has a valid California driver license in your same  class of license, who is the correct  age required for that class of license.To apply for your  CDLCall a DMV CDL office and make an appointment for a driving test (Commercial driving test appointments cannot be made online).Bring the type of vehicle for the class you want to drive.Pass a pre-trip inspection (You have three chances to pass the pre-trip).Pass a skills and driving test (You have three chances to pass the skills and driving test).ORSubmit to DMV a Certificate of Driving Skill (DL 170) if your employer is authorized by DMV to issue such certificates, signed by both you and your employer.OregonIntrasta te or Excepted Interstate RequirementsMeet the qualifications for or have a Regular Driver License (non-commercial Class C).Be at least 18 years of age, present proof of your full legal name, and present proof you are a U.S. citizen or permanent lawful resident.Provide your Social Security Number.Present proof of your residence address.Pass the CDL General Knowledge Test.Determine the appropriate CDL Class (Class A, B or C), and pass any additional CDL Knowledge Tests and/or meet any additional requirements for that specific class.Complete the Commercial Driver License Application (Form 735-175), and indicate that you have at least one year driving experience in at least a non-commercial Class C vehicle.Complete requirements for any CDL endorsements needed.Pass a vision screening and submit a copy of a valid medical examiner’s certificate and, when required, a medical waiver or exemption that proves you meet minimum Oregon medical standards for holding a CDL.Pass CDL Skills T ests.Pay the applicable testing and issuance fees (see note on payment of test fees).Not be suspended or otherwise disqualified from holding a CDL in Oregon or any other state.Certify your intent to operate a vehicle in intrastate commerce or excepted interstate commerce.Have your photograph taken.Non-Excepted Interstate RequirementsIn addition to the above requirements, you must:Be at least 21 years old.Submit a copy of a valid medical examiner’s certificate and, when required, a medical waiver or exemption that proves you meet minimum federal medical standards for holding a CDL.Certify that you meet or will meet all other federal requirements for operation of a CMV in non-excepted interstate commerce.Certify your intent and/or qualification to operate a vehicle in non-excepted interstate commerce.Washington StateYou must obtain a training certificate before you are allowed to get a CDL. Schools offering certificates must be approved.Class A CDLMinimum training required- 160 total hours, including at least:40 hours – classroom instruction18 hours – street driving training16 hours – training in backing maneuvers16 hours – proficiency development70 hours – combined lab and range training, observationClass B CDLMinimum training required- 48  total hours, including at least:20 hours – classroom instruction14 hours – street driving training4 hours – training in backing maneuvers4 hours – proficiency development6 hours – combined lab and range training, and observationClass C CDLMinimum training required- 36  total hours, including at least:20 hours – classroom instruction8 hours – street driving training2 hours – training in backing maneuvers2 hours – proficiency development4 hours – combined lab and range training, and observationAfter your training is complete you’ll receive your certificate.Note: Certificates are not required for CDL upgrad es. They are only required for a  first CDL or if you are obtaining a CDL for the second time.Good luck!

Feminization of poverty. my title is tumbling in the dark or endless Essay

Feminization of poverty. my title is tumbling in the dark or endless pain - Essay Example This is nothing but feminization of poverty. This also requires us to analyze this fact under different circumstances. In a famous novel â€Å"The mairaculous of Amalia Gomez†, John Rechy describes the case study of feminization of women in a splendid and heart touching manner after getting inspired from a real incident of a Mexico-American woman (Rechy, 1991). Hence, an attempt has been made to study the feminization of poverty and to analyze the extent to which feminization of poverty is experienced by Amalia Gomez with the following thesis statements. 1. What is the definition of the "feminization of poverty" and how does it apply to Amalia Gomez'a life? 2. How does the "feminization of Poverty" lead the psychological mechanism of denial in Amalia? How do we see strong pull toward denial in her life? 3) How do we see a subconscious desire in Amalia to move from denial to "truth"? 4) What is Amalia"s epiphany? What does this epiphany say about her? Let us analyze one by one as follows: 1. What is the definition of the "feminization of poverty" and how does it apply to Amalia Gomez'a life? The feminization of poverty may be defined as the condition in which women experience higher level of poverty compared to that of men in several fields of our society (Fukuda-Parr, 1999). It is nothing but a state of being women that makes them poorer or susceptible to poverty compared to men in the same society. In other words, the feminization of poverty reflects a phenomenon in which women are represented disproportionately in terms of their percentage of total world poverty. For example, it was reported that the number of women at the age of 60 years in United States of America who are subjected to poverty was found to be significantly higher than the number of men at the same age. Even if in a developed nation like USA, if this position exists, it only confirms the fact that the female gender is proportionate with the extent of poverty which is other wise known a s feminization of poverty. The feminization of poverty is mainly caused by some factors like their social status, lower literacy rate and lower rate of employment. In several regions, women are subjected to ill treatment in various spheres of life. Their decision making at domestic and society level has been quite unsatisfactory resulting in their poverty. In several developing nations, the good proportion of women are restricted to domestic works and child care and they have little or no chance to earn their livelihood (Chant, 2006). Even in terms of wages, lot of disparity exists between the men and women reflecting the feminization of poverty. In a country like Cyprus, as high as 24 % gender pay gap was noticed reflecting a pathetic situation. Taking these constraints of women in consideration, some sections of people in the society started exploiting them which in turn led to feminization of poverty. The life of Amalia Gomez according to â€Å"The mairaculous of Amalia Gomezâ⠂¬ , by John Rechy depicts the same. Hence, the feminization of poverty can be well applied to the life of Amalia Gomez. Amalia Gomez is a Mexico-American lady who had tasted bitter experience of life due to poverty and exploitation of her by different people at different times. Several people including her ex-husbands tried to take the advantage of her weak financial position and she was compelled to listen to them due to her poverty and after

Physical security requirements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Physical security requirements - Essay Example uting to the problem are diverse; size of the building, anonymity inside the precincts of the building, contents of the building, characteristics of occupants, location and physical features. Every door in a tall building is supposed to have a working lock at all times for security of those using the different rooms. The doors and windows are supposed to be reinforced, fitted with intrusion alarms to whine away when someone intrudes in. lighting must be feasible at all times with a back-up generator in place just in case there is a power outage. Perimeters gates, fences and bollards are supposed to be erected all round to prevent unnecessary access by intruders. Physical security hardens a building and makes it inaccessible to the unwanted publics. Some offenders however see increased security as a threat to their ingenuity (Cofer, 2013). CCTV is a primary part of security of any building. Internet based CCTV can also be installed so that all security concerns about the building can be monitored elsewhere. This means that one does not have to be in the building to view the security concerns in it. It should however be noted that CCTV is quite open and seen and therefore interferes with the open offences that would have taken place. Once this is known, there is always a counter plan by the offenders. These should be erected in all possible places; the elevators, lobbies and along adjacent sidewalks. Three concepts address the aspect of physical design. Physical design determines the design of physical security. The first is creation of ‘defensible space’. Challinger (2008) stipulated that crime rate with reference to buildings increased as the number of floors increased. Situational crime prevention is also a fact under design of the building. A modification of environmental factors has to be made to reduce crime in the building. In the case of CPTED, all the workers in the building will be required to be aware of their situations and be responsible for

Nietzsche's program for a new europe Assignment

Nietzsche's program for a new europe - Assignment Example Nietzsche advocated the idea of â€Å"New Europe†, a utopian concept that described Europe as a continent without national boundaries which is united not on the basis of a common economic benefit and financial guiding principle but by the aspiration to cultivate the Dionysian, his basic principles based on the Greek philosophies and concepts of totality (Deleuze, 12). His idea of a new Europe was inspired by the Jewish populace in Europe. For him, the Jewish represented his description of the spiritually and mentally exceptional creatures. Nietzsche believed that such spiritual could perform creatively in a set up devoid of national institutions. . For this reason Nietzsche bestowed the Jewish with such a crucial role in the formation of an extraterritorial and a supranational (Golomb and Wistrich, 12) continent of the future where their bountiful power will surge into the great spiritual persons and their works, which would ultimately act as an everlasting consecration for Eu rope. He believed that the Jewish would turn out to be the creator and originator of values and also the catalysts in the transfiguration of values. He believed that the feeling of extreme nationalism often comes in the way of creative and spiritual emancipation. Nietzsche’s idea of a New Europe is inspired and developed on the basis of several factors which include his philosophies, the cultural, political and social influences and also the spiritual aspects that have been mentioned above. Nietzsche was fascinated by the history of the Jewish people and it was a great source of mystery for him. He was enthralled by the pattern of the Jews in the Diaspora and their aptitude as well as their capability to create a successful spiritual and cultural empire in Europe not on the basis of any nation or territory. Despite their apparent political and physical limitation, he referred to the Jews as the

Strategic Options That Globalization Offers To Firms Marketing Essay

Strategic Options That Globalization Offers To Firms Marketing Essay This report looks at how firms can explore opportunities that globalization offers if they wish to grow with established or new products in a new or existing market. The report looks at a number of strategic options which can be pursued to gain competitive advantage over other firms. Strategic options which are available mainly offered by the ansoff matrix are discussed. Other strategic options such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Collaborative ventures, Exporting, Take over, mergers, acquisitions, franchising and licensing and many more. Examples of firms that exploited opportunities that Globalization offers are also discussed in this report. Some of the companies are Samsung, Virgin group, Vodafone, SWIFT, LNM (Mittal), Google, Motorola, McDonalds, Sony, BMW, SABMiller and many more. INTRODUCTION Globalization of markets refers to the gradual integration and growing interdependence of national economics. Globalisation allows firms to view the world as an integrated market place. Globalisation has a broader meaning and also refers to the interconnectedness of national economies and the growing interdependence of buyers, producers, producers, supplies and government in different countries. Market globalization in manifested in by the production and marketing of branded products and services worldwide. Declining trade barriers and the ease with which international business transactions take place due to the internet and other technologies are contributing to a gradual integration of most national economies into a unified market. Early civilization in the Mediterranean Middle East, Asia, Africa and Europe have all contributed to the growth of cross-border trade over time. Bursts of cross-border trade have been triggered by world events and technological discoveries. LITERATURE REVIEW The globalization of markets has opened up countless new business opportunities for internationalizing firms. Globalisation allows firms to explore opportunities in new established markets, with new or existing products. According to H. Ansoff, firms wishing to go international can use the Ansoff product and/or market matrix which provides a simple way of generating four basic alternative direction for strategic development; Market Penetration, Product Development, Market Development and Diversification. Firms can go global with the following scenarios. An existing product in an existing market (market penetration consolidation), an existing product in a new market (Market Development), a new product in an existing market (Product Development); and a new product in a new market. Market Penetration Consolidation This strategic option is when a firm increases share of its existing product range, is on the face of it the most obvious strategic direction. It builds on existing strategic capabilities and does not require the firm to venture into uncharted territory. The organizations scope is exactly the same. Greater market share implies increased power vis-a-vis buyers and supplies, greater economies of scale and experience curve benefits. Firms seeking greater market penetration may face two constraints; Retaliation from compellation and legal constraints. Retaliation and Competitors Increasing market penetration is likely to exacerbate industry rivalry as other competitors in the market defend their share. Increased rivalry might involve price wars or expensive marketing battles, which may cost more than any market shares gains are actually worth. In low growth or declining markets, it can be more effective simply to acquire competitors. For example; in the steel industry the Indian LNM (Mittal) moved rapidly in the 2000s to become the largest steel producer in the world by acquiring struggling steel companies around the world. Acquisition can actually reduce rivalry. Legal Constraints Greater market penetration can raise concerns from official competition regulators concerning excessive market power. Most countries have regulators with the powers to restrain powerful companies or prevent mergers and acquisitions that would create such excessive power. Example in the UK, competition commission can investigate any merger or any acquisition that would account for more than 25% of the national market and either half a deal or proposed measures that would reduce market power. Consolidation This is when firms focus defensively on their current market with current products. Product Development This is where firms deliver modified or new products to existing markets. This strategy can be undertaken by firms who wish to explore opportunities in existing market with a new product. This is a limited extension of organisational scope. Product development implies greater degrees of innovation firms who wish to explore opportunities in established markets with new products can fare challenges because it is expensive and high-risk activities because of the following: New Strategic Capabilities Product development typically involves mastering new technologies that may be unfamiliar to the firm. For example, banks entered online banking at the beginning of this century but suffered many setbacks with technologies so radically different to their traditional high street branch means of delivering banking services. Project Management Risk Product development projects are typically subject to the risk of delays and increased costs due to project complexity and changing project specification over time. For example, 7.6bn Airbus A380 double-decker air line project, which suffered two years of delays in the mid 2000s because of wiring problem. Air bus had managed reveral new aircraft developments before but the high degree of customization required by each airline customer and incompatibilities in computer-aided design software, led to greater complexity than the Airbus project management could handle. Market Development If product development is risky and expensive, firms wishing to explore opportunities to go global can use Market Development has a strategy where the firm offers existing products to new markets. Markets development might take three forms: New statement. For example in the public services, a collage might offer its educational services to older students than its traditional intake, perhaps via evening courses. New Users. An example would be aluminium, whose original users packaging and cutlery manufactures are now supplemented by users in aerospace and automobiles. New Geographics. It is essential that market development strategies are based on products or services that meet the critical success factors of the new market. Strategies based on simply off-loading traditional products or services in new markets are likely to fail. Moreover, market development faces similar problems as product development. In terms of strategic capabilities, market developers often lack the right marketing skills and brands to make progress in a market with unfamiliar customers. On the management side the challenge is coordinating between different segments, users and geographics, which might all have different needs. Example Diversification Diversification is defined as a strategy that takes an organisation away from both its existing products. (Johnson et al, pp 262). It radically increases the firm scope. A good deal of diversification in practice involves building a relationship with existing markets or products. Market penetration and product development entail some diversifying adjustment of product or markets. Diversification is just one of the directions for Globalisation and needs to be considered alongside its alternatives. Opportunities which may drive firms to go global are Efficiency Gains. Efficiency gains can be made by applying the organizations existing resources existing resources or capabilities to new markets and products or services. These are also called Economics of Scope. If an organisation has utilized resources or competences that it cannot effectively close or sell to other potential users, it can make sense to use these resources or competences by going global using diversification into new activity. Stretching Corporate Parenting Capabilities. At the corporate parent level, managers may develop a competence at managing a range of different products and services which can be applied even to businesses which do not share resource at the corporate parenting skills as the dominant general management logic. For example, a French Conglomerate LVMH includes a wide range of business form champagne through fashion and perfumes, to financial media that share few operation resources or competences. Increasing Market Power. With many businesses, an organisation can afford to cross-subsidize one business from the surplus earned by another, in a way that competitors may not be able to. Types of Diversification Firms wishing to explore opportunities in new or established markets, with new or existing products can diversify through Related diversification or Unrelated diversification. Related Diversification This is corporate development beyond current products and markets, but within the capabilities or the value network of the organisation ( ). For example, Procter and Gamble are diversified corporation, but virtually all of their interests are in fast moving consumer goods distributed through retailers. Their various business benefit therefore from shared capabilities in research and development, consumer marketing, building relationships with powerful retailers and global brand development. Related Diversification can be done in two ways; Vertical integration describes either backward or forward integration into adjacent activities in the value network. Backward integration refers to development into activities concerned with the inputs into the companys current business. Forward integration refers to development into activities which are concerned with a companys outputs. Horizontal integration is development into activities which are complementary or adjacent to present activities. Unrelated Diversification Unrelated Diversification is the development of products or services beyond the current capabilities or value network. Unrelated diversification is often described as a Conglomerate Strategy because there are no obvious economies of scope. DISCUSSION Globalisation allows companies to explore opportunities in new or established markets with new or existing with new or existing products. Firms go global to mainly maximize profits by increasing their market share and exploiting opportunities in other geographic areas. As market globalization intensifies, firms are compelled to respond to challenges and exploit new advantages. Many firms proactively pursue globalization as a strategic move. They become more aggressive at identifying foreign market opportunities, seeking partnerships with foreign firms and building organisational capabilities in order to enhance their competitive advantage. Market globalization is driven by a number of factors World Wide Reduction of Barriers to Trade and Investment. Many national governments have reduced trade and investment barriers, this has accelerated global economic integration. For example, in South Africa, tariffs on the imports of automobile, industrial machinery and countless other products have declined nearly to zero encouraging free international exchange of goods and services. The China government has committed its self to make its market more accessible to foreign companies. Reduction of trade barriers is also associated with the emergence of regional economic integration blocs, which is a key dimension of market globalization. Industrialization, Economic Development and Modernization. Industrialization implies that emergency markets are moving from being low value-adding commodity producers, dependant on low-cost labour, to sophisticated competitive producers and exporters of premium products such as electronics, computers and aircraft. For example, Brazil has become a leading producer of private aircraft and the Czech Republic excels in the production of automobiles. India is now a leading supplier of computer software. Integration of World Financial Markets. Integration of world financial markets makes it possible for internationally active firms to raise capital, borrow funds and engage in foreign currency transactions. Financial services firms follow their customers to foreign markets. Cross-Border transactions are made easier partly as a result of the ease with which funds can be transferred between buyers and sellers, through a network of international commercial banks. For example, Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) connects over 7,800 financial institutions in some 200 countries, it facilitates the exchange of financial transactions. Advances in Technology. Technology is a remarkable facilitator of globalization and provides means for internationalization. Firms wishing to explore opportunities in other countries or connects can interact more effectively with foreign partners or subsidiaries and value-chain members than ever before. Technology advances have made the loss of international operation as affordable for all types of firms. For example, information technology allows firms to more efficiently adapt products for international rich markets Intel and Motorola, two of the worlds premier technology companies, both receive a substantial portion of their revenue from sales in china because China is a place to be when it comes to technological progress. It is very important for firms wishing to explore their opportunities globally through development of new products to take technology seriously for its spurs good appeal to a global audience. To adequately explore the opportunities that globalization possess forms can pursue a number of strategies that forms wishing to explore opportunities the global market can pursue. Market Penetration and Consolidation. Market penetration is where an organisation gains market share with existing products in an existing market. For example LNM (Mittal) an Indian company rapidly in the 2000s to become the largest steel producers in the world. Acquisitions can actually reduce rivalry thereby increasing market share by taking out independent players and consolidating them under one umbrella. However, this strategy has constraints such as Retaliation from competitors and legal constraints. For example, Gaz de France and Suez, two utility companies with dominant positions in France and Belgium, decided to merge in 2006, the European Commission insisted that the two companies reduce their power by diverting some of their subsidiaries and opening up their networks to competitors. Consolidation mainly focuses defensively on their current markets with current products. Product Development is where firms deliver new products or modified products to existing markets. An example of a firm which developed its products is Sony, it developed its products from walkman portable music system from Audio tapes, through CDs to MP3 based systems. Effectively it involved the same markets but the technologies are vatically different. Another example is Samsung which developed its brand and this has continuously rising strong. According to Jan Luedermana, global managing director of Inter Brand said that Samsungs key success factor is management ambition and determination to make Samsung a continuos product developing brand. However, product development can be an expensive and high-risk activity for two reasons, new strategic capabilities and project management. For example, a  £7.6 billion Airbus A380 double-decker air project, suffered 2 years of delays in the mid 2000s because of wiring problems. Market Development is where existing products are offered in new markets. For example, German car maker BMW launched a new factory in South Carolina, US in order to readily access the huge US market. Globalisation drove BMW to relocate key value-adding activities to most advantageous location in the world. Diversification is a strategy that takes an organisation away from both its existing markets and its existing products. An example of a firm which used diversification to go global is the Virgin group. Virgin in one of UKs largest private companies, its highest profit business was Virgin Atlantic which had developed to be a major force in the international airline business, among them where financial services, trains, cinemas and music stores. It later globalised or went global spreading to other continents such as Africa, Asia and North America. Another company which diversified in a related industry, horizontally is Internet search company, Google which spread into news, images and maps amongst other services and Zodiac a French firm which was founded in 1896 to manufacture only dirigible airships but due to the downfall in the market of Airships, Zodiac decided to leverage its technical expertise and moved from dirigibles to inflatable boats. It later diversified further because of increasing competition from Italian manufacturers by taking over Aerazur, a company specialised in parachutes, but also in life vests and inflatable life rafts. The Ansoff framework helps firms with strategic options to pursue in different market. However, like other models, it has its own limitations. It is imperative to look at other strategic models such as PESTEL and SWOT. For example, the Ansoff analysis of McDonalds a US company was launched in India using market development. It suffered huge losses because of the Indians do not eat beef from cows, cultural aspects are very important when choosing a strategy to explore in internationalization. Therefore, when conducting a strategic analysis, it is essential that the SWOT and PESTEL are critically analyzed also. Other strategic options that a firm which wants to explore opportunities in new or established market with new or existing products or services are: Firms can use strategic alliances, which is an arrangement between two companies who have decided to share resources in a specific project or business. Franchisees and licensees, a company can enter a new market through franchising or licensing by using well established brand names to gain competitive advantage and build on its own brand. For example, McDonalds has given licensees to firms such Mr. Green, Vulet services and many others. Acquisitions, mergers and take over are strategic options open to firms wishing to go global. For example, Zodiac took over Aerazur, a company specializing in parachutes, life vests and inflatable life rafts. Another example is SAB, a South African Brewery which Acquired Miller in 2002 to become SABMiller, this acquisition made them become the second largest Brewery in the world acquired Miller in 2002 to become the second largest Brewery in the world. Thereby, creating a completion advantage over other firms. Foreign Direct Investment can also be used to explore opportunities globally. This is a strategy in which a firm establishes a physical presence abroad by acquiring productive assets such capital technology, labour, land, plant and equipment. For example, Vodafone, one of the leading wireless phone services providers which offers telecommunication and data services, multi media portals, cellular operations, satellite services and retail shops. In 1993, Vodafone had invests in mobile phone networks in Australia, Greece, Hong Kong, Malta and Scandinavia. The firm bought stakes in operations throughout Europe, the Americans and parts of Asia and Africa. Vodafone drew funds from global capital markets. Collaborative venture is essentially a partnership between two or more firms and includes equity joint ventures, project-based non equity ventures. A joint venture is essentially a special type of collaboration involving equity investment by the parent firms. For example, Procter and Gamble (PG) is in a joint venture with Dolce Gabbana (DG) an Italian fashion house. Under the deal, PG produces perfumes, while DG markets them in Europe, leveraging the strength of its strong local brand name. Samsung, the Korean electronics firm began internationalizing in 1970s through joint ventures with foreign-technology suppliers such as Sonya, NEC and Corning Glass works. The partnership allowed Samsung to acquire product designs and marketing outlets and gave management increasing confidence in foreign operations. Samsungs earliest foreign manufacturing effort was via a joint venture in Portugal, launched in 1982. Exporting can be another strategic option for firms wishing to go global. This is a strategy of producing products and services in one country and selling and distributing them to customers located in other countries, this can be done through franchising and licensing. SUMMARY Globalisation offers many opportunities which firms wishing to maximize, profits, market share and other stakeholders expectation can explore. International trade has opened up these opportunities which opened up these opportunities which until right strategies can fully be exploited. As market globalization intensifies, firms are compelled to respond to challenges and exploit new opportunities. Globalisation has fostered a new dynamism in the world economy the emergence of regional economic integration blocs, growth of global investment and financial flows, the conà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. of buyer lifestyles and needs and the globalization of production. Firms wishing to go global can gain competitive advantage when they apply correct strategies in a particular region, country or continent. Firms can pursue a number of strategies. The Ansoff framework which looks at established and/or new market strategies to pursue are market penetration or consolidation, product development, market development and diversification. Firms can pursued the above strategic in many ways such as Exporting existing or established products or services in new or existing market. Forming strategic alliances with other firms by sharing resources in a specific project. Franchising and Licensing. Acquisitions, mergers and takeovers. Firms in a global market can operate successfully by engaging strategies that will aid in achieving competitive advantage over other global barriers and threats that globalization faces

Sheilas Comment Explaining the Action of the Play :: Sheila An Inspector Calls J.B. Priestley Essays

Sheila's Comment Explaining the Action of the Play "Well he inspected us all righ Between us we drove that girl To commit suicide" This sentence is very important to the story because Sheila realises that the inspector is not a real inspector but he has inspected them and they lost against him and it was them, each member of the family who contributed to Eva Smiths death. We will learn in this essay how each family member is a contributor to the death of an innocent person, Eva Smith and also how the inspector inspects the family using his power not physically but verbally and how he does the inspection. We learnt about how each person from the Birling's family effects Eva Smith even a good person like Gerald and a bad person like Mr Birling so it is necessary to explain how each character acts towards Eva Smith. Combined with this we learn from the story that an inspector with the name of Goole comes to inspect them all. The first person that strikes on Eva Smith is Mr Birling. Mr Birling is a very rich person. He has a prosperous business but is shown to be extremely greedy and very ironic. His extreme greediness concludes to Eva Smith loosing her job, which was the first hit on Eva Smith. Eva Smith is a very hardworking woman who works for Mr Birling in his factory. She is getting very fed up due to the low wage he pays and which she cannot survive on. She and the other ringleaders are planning on to go on strike after there holidays. Eva Smith after the holidays goes and asks Mr Birling for an increase to 26 Shillings a week which he refuses saying, "I could not consider it" and then sacks her is pretty sad and very evil of him to do that. It also shows me the time of period where women were protesting for their rights and independence and women also died for their rights. So first contributor to Eva Smith's death his Mr Birling because he throws her out of her job because he did not want to give her the increase. You will also learn of his bad and evil personality as the essay proceeds. As I have said before he is very ironic. Before the inspector comes in to inspect them they are having a party because Mr Birling's daughter is engaged to Gerald. Here Mr Birling is telling his son Eric and his future son in law how life is and what is going to happen. His son Eric is talking about a possible war.